“From a cultural context, previous studies on spanking or corporal punishment revealed surprising results. African American children who were spanked actually turned out to be less troublesome when they get older. The reasoning, according to a longitudinal study published in the psychological studies test Development Through Lifespan, was that African Americans within the group studied incorporated spanking with warmth and understanding afterward. Spanking wasn’t used as a ‘last resort’ or as a way to vent anger towards a child. Spanking was generally not out of control.” (Paul Bright, SF Mental Health Examiner)